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Catalonia and Aragon retained their distinct traditional rights, and Catalonia its own personality with one of the first parliaments in Europe, the Catalan Courts (Catalan: Corts Catalanes). In addition, the reign of Ramon Berenguer IV saw the Catalan conquest of Lleida and Tortosa , completing the unification of all of the territory that ...
Lo mal any primer ("The first bad year"), great famine due to poor harvest. 1343: The counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya, previously owned by the Kingdom of Majorca, were reincorporated in to the Principality of Catalonia. First documented use of the term "Principality of Catalonia". 1348: Black Death in Barcelona. 1349: University of ...
The Hispanic March counties between the late 8th and 12th centuries that would become the Principality of Catalonia. The reconquista from the Moors by the Franks began in 785. [1] In 785, Rostany (or Rostaing) was made Count of Girona, the first, of what would later become the Catalan counties, to be established.
Crossword-like puzzles, for example Double Diamond Puzzles, appeared in the magazine St. Nicholas, published since 1873. [31] Another crossword puzzle appeared on September 14, 1890, in the Italian magazine Il Secolo Illustrato della Domenica. It was designed by Giuseppe Airoldi and titled "Per passare il tempo" ("To pass the time"). Airoldi's ...
Their son, Alfonso II, was the first king of Aragon who, in turn was the Count of Barcelona as Alfons I, titles all the kings of the Crown of Aragon inherited from then on. [8] Each territory that formed the union would maintain their respective traditions, laws, customs, currency and, in time, would develop separate state government institutions.
On several occasions during the first third of the 20th century, Catalonia gained and lost varying degrees of autonomy, recovering the administrative unity in 1914, when the four Catalan provinces were authorized to create a commonwealth (Catalan: Mancomunitat) [64] and, after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, the ...
Nicola Prentis moved from Madrid to Catalonia 8 years ago with her then-partner and young son. When she struggles to speak Catalan, she finds locals prefer switching to English than Spanish.
The first Catalan constitutions were promulgated by the Catalan Courts held in Barcelona in 1283. The last ones were promulgated in 1706 by the Courts of 1705–1706 during the disputed reign of Charles III, the Habsburg pretender to the Spanish throne during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1713).