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This method is often used to measure full-field displacement and strains, and it is widely applied in many areas of science and engineering. Compared to strain gauges and extensometers, digital image correlation methods provide finer details about deformation, due to the ability to provide both local and average data.
Deformation analysis is concerned with determining if a measured displacement is significant enough to warrant a response. Deformation data must be checked for statistical significance , and then checked against specified limits, and reviewed to see if movements below specified limits imply potential risks.
A wireline extensometer monitoring slope displacement and transmitting data remotely via radio or Wi-Fi. An extensometer is a device that is used to measure changes in the length of an object. [1] It is useful for stress-strain measurements and tensile tests. Its name comes from "extension-meter".
Displacement measurement is the measurement of changes in directed distance (displacement). Devices measuring displacement are based on displacement sensors, which can be contacting or non-contacting. [1] Some displacement sensors are based on displacement transducers, [2] devices which convert displacement into another form of energy. [3]
Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a technique used to study and characterize materials. It is most useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers . A sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus .
The item-total correlation approach is a way of identifying a group of questions whose responses can be combined into a single measure or scale. This is a simple approach that works by ensuring that, when considered across a whole population, responses to the questions in the group tend to vary together and, in particular, that responses to no individual question are poorly related to an ...
It is also known as Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), Torgerson Scaling or Torgerson–Gower scaling. It takes an input matrix giving dissimilarities between pairs of items and outputs a coordinate matrix whose configuration minimizes a loss function called strain, [2] which is given by (,,...,) = (, (),) /, where denote vectors in N-dimensional space, denotes the scalar product between ...
It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement). A longitudinal deformation (in the direction of the axis) is called elongation . The deflection distance of a member under a load can be calculated by integrating the function that mathematically describes the slope of the deflected shape of ...