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In English, gh historically represented [x] (the voiceless velar fricative, as in the Scottish Gaelic word loch), and still does in lough and certain other Hiberno-English words, especially proper nouns. In the dominant dialects of modern English, gh is almost always either silent or pronounced /f/ (see Ough).
The personal pronouns and possessives in Modern Standard Hindi of the Hindustani language displays a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (), a direct object (), an indirect object (), or a reflexive object.
These are distinct phonemes in English, but both are allophones of the phoneme /ʋ/ in Hindustani (written व in Hindi or و in Urdu), including loanwords of Arabic and Persian origin. More specifically, they are conditional allophones, i.e. rules apply on whether व is pronounced as [v] or [w] depending on context.
Indians' tendency to pronounce English phonetically as well can cause divergence from British English. This phenomenon is known as spelling pronunciation. In words where the digraph gh represents a voiced velar plosive (/ɡ/) in other accents, some Indian English speakers supply a murmured version [ɡʱ], for example ghost [ɡʱoːst]. No other ...
Its name is [kʰəkʰːɑ] and pronounced as /kə̀/. To differentiate between consonants, the Punjabi tonal consonant kà is often transliterated in the way of the Hindi voiced aspirate consonants gha although Punjabi does not have this sound. It is derived from the Laṇḍā letter gha, and ultimately from the Brahmi ga. Gurmukhi kagaa does ...
Hindustani does not distinguish between [v] and [w], specifically Hindi. These are distinct phonemes in English, but conditional allophones of the phoneme /ʋ/ in Hindustani (written व in Hindi or و in Urdu), meaning that contextual rules determine when it is pronounced as [v] and when it is pronounced as [w].
The nuqta, in colloquial settings, is sometimes ignored in Hindi and written as ग [20] [21] گھ: gh: घ: چ: c: च: چھ: ch: छ: ج: j: ज: جھ: jh: झ: ز: z: ज़: The nuqta, in colloquial settings, is sometimes ignored in Hindi and written as ज [20] [21] ذ: ẕ: ज़ (Same sound as ज़, spelled differently in Urdu for ...
These dialects mainly use the guttural fricative (ɣ ~ ʁ) for both /r/ and /gh/. Standard Malay includes both coronal r (ɹ, r, ɾ) and voiced guttural fricative /gh/ (ɣ ~ ʁ) as two different phonemes. To denote the guttural r in the dialects, the letter "r" is often replaced by "gh" or "q" in informal writing [citation needed].