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Section 1 authorizes the creation of inferior courts, but does not require it; the first inferior federal courts were established shortly after the ratification of the Constitution with the Judiciary Act of 1789. Section 1 also establishes that federal judges do not face term limits, and that an individual judge's salary may not be decreased.
Second, federal courts may rule on whether coordinate branches of national government conform to the Constitution. Until the twentieth century, the Supreme Court of the United States may have been the only high tribunal in the world to use a court for constitutional interpretation of fundamental law, others generally depending on their national ...
Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; Section 3 (NYSPHSAA), of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association; Section 3 lands in the United States; Section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998; Section 3 of the Constitution of Australia; Section of the Indian Penal Code, describing the punishment of extra territorial ...
The courts have commented on the nature of the union set out in the Constitution Act, 1867, making it clear that the union mentioned in s. 3 is a federal union, not a legislative union, a political distinction first described by Lord Durham in the Durham Report. [23]
The United States Constitution and its amendments comprise hundreds of clauses which outline the functioning of the United States Federal Government, the political relationship between the states and the national government, and affect how the United States federal court system interprets the law. When a particular clause becomes an important ...
By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Section 3 ...