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The rule serves as a mnemonic for the camera settings obtained on a sunny day using the exposure value (EV) system. The basic rule is, "On a sunny day set aperture to f /16 and shutter speed to the [reciprocal of the] ISO film speed [or ISO setting] for a subject in direct sunlight." [1]
M: Manual mode both shutter speed and aperture are independently set manually (with ISO sensitivity also set manually), where proper image exposure requires accurate manual adjustment. Together with setting ISO manually or automatically, this (PASM) yields the 4×2 = 8 possible combinations of manual/auto.
Particulates and aerosols typically present in outside air limit the extent to which high guide numbers created by high ISO sensitivities can be used to illuminate scenes at long distances. This photo was shot in fair quality air at ISO 12,800 using a modestly powerful camera-mounted flash, yielding a high guide number of 438 (m) / 1438 (ft).
The film speed dial of the Canon A-1 (1978) supported a speed range from 6 to 12800 ASA (but already called ISO film speeds in the manual). [55] On this camera exposure compensation and extreme film speeds were mutually exclusive.
Used as an indicator of camera settings, EV corresponds to actual combinations of shutter speed and aperture setting. When the actual EV matches that recommended by the light level and the ISO speed, these settings should result in the "correct" exposure.
Digital cameras usually have variable ISO settings that provide additional flexibility. Exposure is a combination of the length of time and the illuminance at the photosensitive material. Exposure time is controlled in a camera by shutter speed, and the illuminance depends on the lens aperture and the scene luminance. Slower shutter speeds ...
Manual modes include: [2] [3] P: Program mode offers the photographer partial control over shutter speed and aperture. A or Av: Aperture priority AKA "Aperture value" allows the photographer to control the aperture, while the shutter speed and ISO sensitivity are calculated by the camera.
The direction of the relative adjustment to the camera's meter reading depends on the dynamic range (or contrast ratio) of the scene. [dubious – discuss] Typically, with low-contrast scenes, an increase in exposure over that indicated by the camera's meter will be required. When attempting a single-exposure of a high dynamic-range scene, a ...