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The systems commands replaced the Navy bureau system in 1966 and report to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition. [1] The current Navy systems commands are: Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Naval Information Warfare Systems Command (NAVWAR) (formerly SPAWAR),
The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is a type of electromagnetic catapult system developed by General Atomics for the United States Navy. The system launches carrier-based aircraft by means of a catapult employing a linear induction motor rather than the conventional steam piston , providing greater precision and faster recharge ...
The catapult operator then pushes a button to fire the catapult. Once the catapult fires, the hold-back breaks free as the shuttle moves rapidly forward, dragging the aircraft by the launch bar. The aircraft accelerates from zero (relative to the carrier deck) to about 150 knots (280 km/h; 170 mph) in about 2 seconds.
The United States Navy is developing the use of a linear motor-based electromagnetic catapult system called the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) with the construction of the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers, and a similar system has also been developed for the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy's Type 003 aircraft carrier.
The United States Navy 30 ft (9.1 m) catapult used a smokeless powder charge to accelerate the plane to 80 mi (130 km) per hour. [ 2 ] (0 to 80 in one-half second) A capital ship preparing to recover its aircraft would steam into the wind and signal the aviator which way it would turn across the wind to provide a sheltered landing surface.
The ship's chief engineer became responsible for the catapult, and the first mate acted as catapult duty officer (CDO), responsible for firing the catapult when directed. The single Hurricane fighter was launched only when enemy aircraft were sighted and agreement was reached using hand and flag signals between the pilot, CDO, and ship's master.
Flight deck of USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, showing catapult layout Catapult launches aboard USS Ronald Reagan. CATOBAR (catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery [1] or catapult-assisted take-off barrier arrested recovery [2]) is a system used for the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier.
The A-5's service coincided with a major policy shift in the US Navy's strategic role, which switched to emphasize submarine-launched ballistic missiles rather than manned bombers, while the US Navy had a requirement for a long range reconnaissance aircraft, which could be met by the now-surplus Vigilante. [21]