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The Indian National Congress was elected to power in 1937 [32] for the first time in Madras Presidency and barring the six years when Madras was in a state of Emergency, ruled the Presidency till India got independence on 15 August 1947. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was the first Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from the Congress party.
The Madras Presidency had the highest literacy rate of all the provinces in British India. [208] In 1901, Madras had a male literacy rate of 11.9 percent and a female literacy rate of 0.9 percent. [209] In 1950, when the Madras Presidency became Madras State, the literacy rate was slightly higher than the national average of 18 percent. [210]
Madras was elevated to a presidency in 1684 and remained so until 12 February 1785 when new rules and regulations brought by the Pitt's India Act reformed the administration of the East India Company with the exception of a three-year period of French rule from 1746 to 1749 when Madras was a governorship.
Next, in 1799, after the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War more of his territory was annexed to the Madras Presidency. [16] In 1801, Carnatic , which had been under the suzerainty of the company, began to be directly administered by it as a part of the Madras Presidency.
The present day city of Chennai, then Madras was given as a grant by the Kalahasti Nayak on Francis Day in 1640. [3] [4] Madras was an important battle site during the Carnatic Wars between the English and the French. [5] For a long time, Madras was the administrative capital of the Presidency.
Madras Presidency Association was a faction within the Indian National Congress which existed before indian independence. While Justice Party championed the cause of non- Brahmins in Madras presidency , non-Brahmins within the Congress party founded the MPA (Madras Presidency Association)
The assembly was constituted in July 1937 and C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) became the first Congress Prime Minister of Madras. [2] [3] The Congress also won the election held simultaneously for the Legislative Council. The victory in Madras was the Congress' most impressive electoral performance in all the provinces of British India.
The Governor of Madras, George Frederick Stanley, nominated 32 non-elected members including officials immediately after the election and invited the Justice Party form the Government. B. Ramachandra Reddy was elected as the President of the council.