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To determine the shape of Z D, fix two distinct circles C 0 and C ∞, not necessarily tangent to D. These two circles determine a pencil, meaning a line L in the P 3 of circles. If the equations of C 0 and C ∞ are f and g, respectively, then the points on L correspond to the circles whose equations are Sf + Tg, where [S : T] is a point of P 1.
The theorem does not apply to systems of circles with more than two circles tangent to each other at the same point. It requires that the points of tangency be distinct. [8] When more than two circles are tangent at a single point, there can be infinitely many such circles, with arbitrary curvatures; see pencil of circles. [27]
For two circles, there are generally four distinct lines that are tangent to both – if the two circles are outside each other – but in degenerate cases there may be any number between zero and four bitangent lines; these are addressed below. For two of these, the external tangent lines, the circles fall on the same side of the line; for the ...
In geometry, tangent circles (also known as kissing circles) are circles in a common plane that intersect in a single point. There are two types of tangency : internal and external. Many problems and constructions in geometry are related to tangent circles; such problems often have real-life applications such as trilateration and maximizing the ...
A circle is tangent to a point if it passes through the point, and tangent to a line if they intersect at a single point P or if the line is perpendicular to a radius drawn from the circle's center to P. Circles tangent to two given points must lie on the perpendicular bisector. Circles tangent to two given lines must lie on the angle bisector.
The intersection graph of a circle packing is the graph having a vertex for each circle, and an edge for every pair of circles that are tangent. If the circle packing is on the plane, or, equivalently, on the sphere, then its intersection graph is called a coin graph ; more generally, intersection graphs of interior-disjoint geometric objects ...
This problem asks for the number and construction of circles that are tangent to three given circles, points or lines. In general, the problem for three given circles has eight solutions, which can be seen as 2 3, each tangency condition imposing a quadratic condition on the space of circles. However, for special arrangements of the given ...
A circle (or line) is unchanged by inversion if and only if it is orthogonal to the reference circle at the points of intersection. [5] Additional properties include: If a circle q passes through two distinct points A and A' which are inverses with respect to a circle k, then the circles k and q are orthogonal.