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2. Center of gravity of an aircraft - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_gravity_of_an...

   Operation of such helicopters requires calculating CG along two axes: one calculation for longitudinal CG (fore-to-aft balance) and another calculation for lateral CG (left-to-right balance). The weight, arm, and moment values of the fixed items on the aircraft (i.e. engines, wings, electronic components) do not change and are provided by the ...

3. Aircraft gross weight - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_gross_weight

   The aircraft gross weight (also known as the all-up weight and abbreviated AUW) is the total aircraft weight at any moment during the flight or ground operation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] An aircraft's gross weight will decrease during a flight due to fuel and oil consumption.

4. Maximum takeoff weight - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weight

   Takeoff weight components. The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) or maximum gross takeoff weight (MGTOW) or maximum takeoff mass (MTOM) of an aircraft, also known as the maximum structural takeoff weight or maximum structural takeoff mass, [1] is the maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits.

5. Load factor (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_factor_(aeronautics)

   During straight and level flight, the load factor is +1 if the aircraft is flown "the right way up", [2]: 90 whereas it becomes −1 if the aircraft is flown "upside-down" (inverted). In both cases the lift vector is the same (as seen by an observer on the ground), but in the latter the vertical axis of the aircraft points downwards, making the ...

6. Aircraft design process - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_design_process

   The weight of the aircraft is the common factor that links all aspects of aircraft design such as aerodynamics, structure, and propulsion, all together. An aircraft's weight is derived from various factors such as empty weight, payload, useful load, etc. The various weights are used to then calculate the center of mass of the entire aircraft. [37]

7. Operating empty weight - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_empty_weight

   The weight added to the aircraft above its OEW for a given flight is variable and includes fuel for the flight and the cargo. Cargo depends upon the type of aircraft; i.e., passengers plus baggage for a transport or commuter airplane, materiel for a cargo airplane, stores for fighters/bombers and service loads such as meals and beverages.

8. Payload fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload_fraction

   In aircraft, loading less than full fuel for shorter trips is standard practice to reduce weight and fuel consumption. For this reason, the useful load fraction calculates a similar number, but it is based on the combined weight of the payload and fuel together in relation to the total weight.

9. Zero-fuel weight - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-fuel_weight

   While the aircraft is in the air, weight in the wings does not contribute as significantly to the bending moment in the wing as does weight in the fuselage. This is because the lift on the wings and the weight of the fuselage bend the wing tips upwards and the wing roots downwards; but the weight of the wings, including the weight of fuel in ...