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Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Prior to the NIHSS, during the late 1980s, several stroke-deficit rating scales were in use (e.g., University of Cincinnati scale, Canadian neurological scale, the Edinburgh-2 coma scale, and the Oxbury initial severity scale). The NIHSS is composed of 11 items, each of which scores a specific ability between a 0 and 4.
An arching stroke is a shoulder as in the top of an R or sometimes just an arch, as in h n m. [4] A closed curved stroke is a bowl in b d o p q D O P Q; B has two bowls. A bowl with a flat end as in D P is a lobe. [8] A trailing outstroke, as in j y J Q R is a tail. The inferior diagonal stroke in K is a leg. [9]
The Bainbridge reflex is the predominant, [16] [17] but not the only mechanism mediating increases in heart rate in response to increased atrial stretch: stretching of the pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node has a direct positive chronotropic effect on the rate of the sinoatrial node. [18]
Rapid detection and appropriate emergency medical care are essential for optimizing health outcomes. [1] When available, patients are admitted to an acute stroke unit for treatment. These units specialize in providing medical and surgical care aimed at stabilizing the patient's medical status. [2]
The instruments at this time with most evidence of validity were the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) and the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS). [3] Studies using FAST have demonstrated variable diagnostic accuracy of strokes by paramedics and emergency medical technicians with positive predictive values between 64% and 77 ...
A cascade is a series of events in which one event triggers the next, in a linear fashion. Thus "ischemic cascade" is actually a misnomer, since the events are not always linear: in some cases they are circular, and sometimes one event can cause or be caused by multiple events. [4]
An intracranial aneurysm, also known as a cerebral aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by a localized dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel in the brain due to a weakness in the vessel wall.