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  2. Drag equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_equation

    In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: F d = 1 2 ρ u 2 c d A {\displaystyle F_{\rm {d}}\,=\,{\tfrac {1}{2}}\,\rho \,u^{2}\,c_{\rm {d}}\,A} where

  3. Stokes' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_law

    Creeping flow past a falling sphere in a fluid (e.g., a droplet of fog falling through the air): streamlines, drag force F d and force by gravity F g. At terminal (or settling) velocity, the excess force F e due to the difference between the weight and buoyancy of the sphere (both caused by gravity [7]) is given by:

  4. Drag (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)

    In aerodynamics, aerodynamic drag, also known as air resistance, is the fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid body in the direction of the air's freestream flow. [23] From the body's perspective (near-field approach), the drag results from forces due to pressure distributions over the body surface, symbolized .

  5. Drag coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient

    Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.

  6. Morison equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morison_equation

    Blue line: drag force; red line: inertia force; black line: total force according to the Morison equation. Note that the inertia force is in front of the phase of the drag force: the flow velocity is a sine wave, while the local acceleration is a cosine wave as a function of time.

  7. Added mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Added_mass

    The dimensionless added mass coefficient is the added mass divided by the displaced fluid mass – i.e. divided by the fluid density times the volume of the body. In general, the added mass is a second-order tensor , relating the fluid acceleration vector to the resulting force vector on the body.

  8. Terminal velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_velocity

    The downward force of gravity (F g) equals the restraining force of drag (F d) plus the buoyancy. The net force on the object is zero, and the result is that the velocity of the object remains constant. Terminal velocity is the maximum speed attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid (air is the most common example).

  9. D'Alembert's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Alembert's_paradox

    [21] [23] Moreover, the observed pressure differences between front and back of the plate, and resulting drag forces, are much larger than predicted: for a flat plate perpendicular to the flow the predicted drag coefficient is C D =0.88, while in experiments C D =2.0 is found. This is mainly due to suction at the wake side of the plate, induced ...