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Men are more commonly affected than women, although the average lifetime risk for both genders are similar (around 0.5-1%) . [17] [19] It is much less common in people from Asia. [4] Five-year survival following diagnosis is approximately 83% in the United States. [3] It represents less than 1% of deaths from cancer. [7]
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a very rare and aggressive leukemia affecting adults; somewhat more men than women are diagnosed with this disease. [24] Despite its overall rarity, it is the most common type of mature T cell leukemia; [ 25 ] nearly all other leukemias involve B cells .
In a study based in the US, the average age of diagnosis was 66.5 years [3] whereas in a French study the median age at diagnosis was 59 years (with an age range of 12–87 years old). [4] In the French study, only 26% of patients were younger than 50 years which suggests that this disorder is associated with older age at diagnosis. [4]
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 4.0% Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 8.7% Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) sorted under lymphomas according to current WHO classification; called small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) when leukemic cells are absent. 10.2% Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) 3.7% Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) 0.7% Other leukemias 3.1%
T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. [1] T-PLL is a very rare leukemia, primarily affecting adults over the age of 30. It represents 2% of all small lymphocytic leukemias in adults. [2]
Mutations in the TET2 gene are found in approximately 40–50% of CMML. [12] Inactivating mutations in one of the two parental GATA2 genes lead to a reduction, i.e. a haploinsufficiency, in the cellular levels of the gene's product, the GATA2 transcription factor, and thereby to a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease, GATA2 deficiency.
Acute erythroid leukemia is rare, accounting for only 3–5% of all acute myeloid leukemia cases. [2] One study estimated an occurrence rate of 0.077 cases per 100,000 people each year. [ 12 ] 64–70% of people with this condition are male, and most are elderly, with a median age of 65.
Acute myeloid leukemia is a very heterogeneous disease, composed of a variety of translocations and mutations. However, one tenth of all acute myeloid leukemia cases diagnosed have the AML1-ETO fusion oncoprotein due to the t(8;21) translocation. AML1 or RUNX1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor located at the 21q22.