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Beside the initialization work required by the environment and toolchain, crt0 can perform additional operations defined by the programmer, such as executing C++ global constructors and C functions carrying GCC's ((constructor)) attribute. [2] [3] "crt" stands for "C runtime", and the zero stands for "the very beginning".
In C++03 before the introduction of move semantics (in C++11) the special member functions [5] were: Default constructor (if no other constructor is explicitly declared) Copy constructor; Copy assignment operator; Destructor
Both Clang and the GNU Compiler Collection implement a non-standard extension to the C language to support RAII: the "cleanup" variable attribute. [16] The following annotates a variable with a given destructor function that it will call when the variable goes out of scope:
In C++, the name of the constructor is the name of the class. It returns nothing. It can have parameters like any member function. Constructor functions are usually declared in the public section, but can also be declared in the protected and private sections, if the user wants to restrict access to them. The constructor has two parts.
Windows (Microsoft Visual C++, GCC, Intel C++ Compiler, Delphi), UEFI: RCX/XMM0, RDX/XMM1, R8/XMM2, R9/XMM3: RTL (C) Caller Stack aligned on 16 bytes. 32 bytes shadow space on stack. The specified 8 registers can only be used for parameters 1 through 4. For C++ classes, the hidden this parameter is the first parameter, and is passed in RCX. [31 ...
32-bit compilers emit, respectively: _f _g@4 @h@4 In the stdcall and fastcall mangling schemes, the function is encoded as _name@X and @name@X respectively, where X is the number of bytes, in decimal, of the argument(s) in the parameter list (including those passed in registers, for fastcall).
C++ is also more strict in conversions to enums: ints cannot be implicitly converted to enums as in C. Also, enumeration constants (enum enumerators) are always of type int in C, whereas they are distinct types in C++ and may have a size different from that of int. [needs update] In C++ a const variable must be initialized; in C this is not ...
Intrinsic functions are often used to explicitly implement vectorization and parallelization in languages which do not address such constructs. Some application programming interfaces (API), for example, AltiVec and OpenMP, use intrinsic functions to declare, respectively, vectorizable and multiprocessing-aware operations during compiling.