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An alternative to implementing ORM is use of the native procedural languages provided with every major database. These can be called from the client using SQL statements. The Data Access Object (DAO) design pattern is used to abstract these statements and offer a lightweight object-oriented interface to the rest of the application. [5]
Java: Open source: Apache License 2.0 4.2.1 [1] / 2024-06-14; 6 months ago Dapper.NET 4.0 Open source: Apache License 2.0 1.8 NuGet DataNucleus: Java: Open source: Apache License 2 4.1.0.RELEASE / May 19, 2015 JDO: DBIx::Class: Perl Open source: Artistic License 1.0 & GPL: 0.082843 / May 17, 2022 () [2] Django: Python: Open source: BSD licenses
Doctrine, open source ORM for PHP, Free software (MIT) CakePHP, ORM and framework, open source (scalars, arrays, objects); based on database introspection, no class extending; CodeIgniter, framework that includes an ActiveRecord implementation; Yii, ORM and framework, released under the BSD license. Based on the ActiveRecord pattern
SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for database interactions. It allows developers to work with databases using Python objects, enabling efficient and flexible database access.
ORMLite: Lightweight object–relational mapping (ORM) framework in Java for JDBC and Android [6] Microsoft Entity Framework; DBIx::Class object–relational mapping (ORM) module for Perl; TuxORM: Simple object–relational mapping (ORM) library in Java for JDBC; Persist (Java tool) Java-based object–relational mapping and data access object tool
The DAL hides this complexity of the underlying data store from the external world. For example, instead of using commands such as insert, delete, and update to access a specific table in a database, a class and a few stored procedures could be created in the database. The procedures would be called from a method inside the class, which would ...
A Data Mapper is a Data Access Layer that performs bidirectional transfer of data between a persistent data store (often a relational database) and an in-memory data representation (the domain layer). The goal of the pattern is to keep the in-memory representation and the persistent data store independent of each other and the data mapper itself.
The active record pattern is an approach to accessing data in a database. A database table or view is wrapped into a class. Thus, an object instance is tied to a single row in the table. After creation of an object, a new row is added to the table upon save. Any object loaded gets its information from the database.