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An alternative to implementing ORM is use of the native procedural languages provided with every major database. These can be called from the client using SQL statements. The Data Access Object (DAO) design pattern is used to abstract these statements and offer a lightweight object-oriented interface to the rest of the application. [5]
SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for database interactions. It allows developers to work with databases using Python objects, enabling efficient and flexible database access.
Java: Open source: Apache License 2.0 4.2.1 [1] / 2024-06-14; 6 months ago Dapper.NET 4.0 Open source: Apache License 2.0 1.8 NuGet DataNucleus: Java: Open source: Apache License 2 4.1.0.RELEASE / May 19, 2015 JDO: DBIx::Class: Perl Open source: Artistic License 1.0 & GPL: 0.082843 / May 17, 2022 () [2] Django: Python: Open source: BSD licenses
Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping [2]: §1.2.2, [12] tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database.
Doctrine, open source ORM for PHP, Free software (MIT) CakePHP, ORM and framework, open source (scalars, arrays, objects); based on database introspection, no class extending; CodeIgniter, framework that includes an ActiveRecord implementation; Yii, ORM and framework, released under the BSD license. Based on the ActiveRecord pattern
The wrapper class implements accessor methods or properties for each column in the table or view. This pattern is commonly used by object persistence tools and in object–relational mapping (ORM). Typically, foreign key relationships will be exposed as an object instance of the appropriate type via a property.
Attribute free, the predicates of an ORM Model lend themselves to the analysis and design of graph database models in as much as ORM was originally conceived to benefit relational database design. The term "object–role model" was coined in the 1970s and ORM based tools have been used for more than 30 years – principally for data modeling .
In Java Persistence API, an entity is a persistence class. Using TopLink, a number of performance features for writing large amounts of data can be implemented. Batch writing, stored procedure support, parameter binding, statement ordering and other features are offered to satisfy database constraints. The basic operations are