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An autonomous thyroid nodule or "hot nodule" is one that has thyroid function independent of the homeostatic control of the HPT axis (hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis). According to a 1993 article, such nodules need to be treated only if they become toxic; surgical excision (thyroidectomy), radioiodine therapy, or both may be used. [33]
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs.
Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. [1] Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. [1]
Rarely goiters can cause compression of the airway, compression of the vessels in the neck, or difficulty swallowing. [7] Tumors, often called thyroid nodules, can also have many different symptoms ranging from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism to swelling in the neck and compression of the structures in the neck. [7]
Lupus erythematosus panniculitis consists of soft, deep subcutaneous plaques or nodules that can occasionally appear in crops. Proximal extremities, in particular the lateral aspects of the arms and shoulders, face, trunk, buttocks breast, and scalp, are typically involved. Lesions can affect several areas at once or just one. [3]
Alopecia Areata is a dermatological autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the immune system and causes patchy or total hair loss usually affecting the scalp and face but can cause hair loss on the whole body. [34] The cause of alopecia areata is unknown and typically people with the condition have no other symptoms.
Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1] It can be caused by a variety of conditions but 20 to 50% of cases are idiopathic.
Colloid nodules may be initially identified as an unspecified kind of thyroid nodule. Follow-up examinations typically include an ultrasound if it is unclear whether or not there really is a nodule present. Once the presence of a nodule has been confirmed, the determination of the kind of thyroid nodule is done by fine needle aspiration biopsy. [7]