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  2. Response bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_bias

    A survey using a Likert style response set. This is one example of a type of survey that can be highly vulnerable to the effects of response bias. Response bias is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions.

  3. Hofmeister series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofmeister_series

    The order of the tendency of ions to make or break water structure is the basis of the Hofmeister series. Hofmeister discovered a series of salts that have consistent effects on the solubility of proteins and, as it was discovered later, on the stability of their secondary and tertiary structures.

  4. Reaction coordinate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_coordinate

    Reaction coordinates are special order parameters that describe the entire pathway from reactants through transition states and on to products. Depending on the application, reaction coordinates may be defined by using chemically intuitive variables like bond lengths, or splitting probabilities (also called committors), or using the ...

  5. Bias (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics)

    Bias implies that the data selection may have been skewed by the collection criteria. Other forms of human-based bias emerge in data collection as well such as response bias, in which participants give inaccurate responses to a question. Bias does not preclude the existence of any other mistakes.

  6. Biasing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biasing

    A graphical representation of the current and voltage properties of a transistor; the bias is selected so that the operating point permits maximum signal amplitude without distortion. In electronics , biasing is the setting of DC ( direct current ) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an electronic component that processes time-varying ...

  7. Møller–Plesset perturbation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Møller–Plesset...

    Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP) is one of several quantum chemistry post-Hartree–Fock ab initio methods in the field of computational chemistry.It improves on the Hartree–Fock method by adding electron correlation effects by means of Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory (RS-PT), usually to second (MP2), third (MP3) or fourth (MP4) order.

  8. Observational error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error

    In survey-type situations, these errors can be mistakes in the collection of data, including both the incorrect recording of a response and the correct recording of a respondent's inaccurate response.

  9. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Observer bias is commonly only identified in the observers, however, there also exists a bias for those being studied. Named after a series of experiments conducted by Elton Mayo between 1924 and 1932, at the Western Electric factory in Hawthorne, Chicago, the Hawthorne effect symbolises where the participants in a study change their behaviour ...