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The motivation for mastery learning comes from trying to reduce achievement gaps for students in average school classrooms. During the 1960s John B. Carroll and Benjamin S. Bloom pointed out that, if students are normally distributed with respect to aptitude for a subject and if they are provided uniform instruction (in terms of quality and learning time), then achievement level at completion ...
Learning cycle – How people learn from experience; Mastery learning – Instructional strategy and educational philosophy; Metacognition – Self-awareness about thinking, higher-order thinking skills; Model of hierarchical complexity – Framework for scoring how complex a behavior is; Pedagogy – Theory and practice of education
For example, expert nurses constantly attend to subtle transitions in a patient’s condition. They intuitively shift perspectives and initiate a corresponding shift in treatment when solicited by transitions in the patient’s condition. Stage 6: Mastery. Masters seek to expand and refine their repertoire of intuitive perspectives.
In psychology, the four stages of competence, or the "conscious competence" learning model, relates to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill. People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will typically be at one of the stages at a given time.
Mastery learning is an educational philosophy first proposed by Bloom in 1968 [8] based on the premise that students must achieve a level of mastery (e.g., 90% on a knowledge test) in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information on a topic. [9]
Competency-based learning or competency-based education is a framework for teaching and assessment of learning. It is also described as a type of education based on predetermined "competencies," which focuses on outcomes and real-world performance. [ 1 ]
One example was the lack of variation in teaching. Bloom hypothesized if teachers adapted their teaching methods to the individual needs of each student, more children would receive the opportunity to learn better. This led to the creation of Bloom's Mastery Learning procedure.
The Keller Plan has mainly been used in higher education, particularly as a more personalized form of instruction in large classes, but there is nothing inherent in Keller's formulation to restrict its application to particular grade levels, content, or types of courses; [4] for instance the papers [5] and [6] report on usage in elementary school and junior high school, respectively.