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The Schwinger–Dyson equations (SDEs) or Dyson–Schwinger equations, named after Julian Schwinger and Freeman Dyson, are general relations between correlation functions in quantum field theories (QFTs).
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. [1] [2] [3] In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. [2]
The breakthrough eventually came around 1950 when a more robust method for eliminating infinities was developed by Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman, Freeman Dyson, and Shinichiro Tomonaga. The main idea is to replace the calculated values of mass and charge, infinite though they may be, by their finite measured values.
Bernoulli's equation; Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy of equations; Bessel's differential equation; Boltzmann equation; Borda–Carnot equation; Burgers' equation; Darcy–Weisbach equation; Dirac equation. Dirac equation in the algebra of physical space; Dirac–Kähler equation; Doppler equations; Drake equation (aka ...
This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.
The solutions to are multi-component spinor fields, and each component satisfies . A remarkable result of spinor solutions is that half of the components describe a particle while the other half describe an antiparticle; in this case the electron and positron. The Dirac equation is now known to apply for all massive spin- 1 / 2 fermions ...
Quantum field theory originated in the 1920s from the problem of creating a quantum mechanical theory of the electromagnetic field.In particular, de Broglie in 1924 introduced the idea of a wave description of elementary systems in the following way: "we proceed in this work from the assumption of the existence of a certain periodic phenomenon of a yet to be determined character, which is to ...
In Schwinger's approach, the action principle is targeted towards quantum mechanics. The action becomes a quantum action , i.e. an operator, S {\displaystyle S} . Although it is superficially different from the path integral formulation where the action is a classical function, the modern formulation of the two formalisms are identical.