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In enzymology, a pyruvate synthase (EC 1.2.7.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. It is also called pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR). The relevant equilibrium catalysed by PFOR is: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin acetyl-CoA + CO 2 + reduced ferredoxin
Pyruvate can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine, and to ethanol. Therefore, it unites several key metabolic processes. [citation needed] Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing blood content of pyruvate (shown in violet near middle) with other constituents.
The breakdown of one molecule of glucose results in two molecules of pyruvate, which can be further oxidized to access more energy in later processes. [1] Glycolysis can be regulated at different steps of the process through feedback regulation. The step that is regulated the most is the third step.
The oxidative conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is referred to as the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. It is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Other conversions between pyruvate and acetyl-CoA are possible. For example, pyruvate formate lyase disproportionates pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and formic acid. β-Oxidation of fatty acids
Pyruvate decarboxylation requires a few cofactors in addition to the enzymes that make up the complex. The first is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which is used by pyruvate dehydrogenase to oxidize pyruvate and to form a hydroxyethyl-TPP intermediate. This intermediate is taken up by dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and reacted with a second ...
Sodium pyruvate is a salt of the conjugate anion form of pyruvic acid, known as pyruvate. It is commonly added to cell culture media as an additional source of energy, but may also have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide. This was reported by Giandomenico et al. [1] and has been confirmed by several independent groups.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. [1] Acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration, and this complex links the glycolysis metabolic pathway to the citric ...
In enzymology, a pyruvate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction pyruvate + phosphate + O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } acetyl phosphate + CO 2 + H 2 O 2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate , phosphate , and O 2 , whereas its 3 products are acetyl phosphate , CO 2 , and H 2 O 2 .