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The coelacanths were thought to have gone extinct 66 million years ago, until a living specimen belonging to the order was discovered in 1938. A living fossil is an extant taxon that phenotypically resembles related species known only from the fossil record. To be considered a living fossil, the fossil species must be old relative to the time ...
There are 5 species of cycad listed as Extinct in the Wild: Encephalartos brevifoliolatus, Escarpment cycad. Encephalartos heenanii, Heenan's Cycad. Encephalartos nubimontanus, Blue cycad. Encephalartos relictus, Parlota cycad. Encephalartos woodii, Wood's cycad. Encephalartos woodii is known only from its type specimen, which was discovered in ...
The tree ferns are arborescent (tree-like) ferns that grow with a trunk elevating the fronds above ground level, making them trees. Many extant tree ferns are members of the order Cyatheales, to which belong the families Cyatheaceae (scaly tree ferns), Dicksoniaceae, Metaxyaceae, and Cibotiaceae. It is estimated that Cyatheales originated in ...
Asparagus fern—This may apply to one of several species of the monocot genus Asparagus, which are flowering plants. Sweetfern—A flowering shrub of the genus Comptonia. Air fern—A group of animals called hydrozoans that are distantly related to jellyfish and corals. They are harvested, dried, dyed green, and then sold as a plant that can ...
Extant conifer families that flourished during the Jurassic included the Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Taxaceae and Taxodiaceae. [14] The extinct Mesozoic conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae dominated low latitude vegetation, as did the shrubby Bennettitales. [15] Cycads were also common, as were ginkgos and tree ferns ...
Equisetum (/ ˌ ɛ k w ɪ ˈ s iː t əm /; horsetail) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. [2]Equisetum is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire subclass Equisetidae, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the understorey of late Paleozoic forests.
The order Diprotodontia consists of 140 extant species belonging to 39 genera.This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 39 genera can be grouped into 11 families; these families are grouped into the suborders Macropodiformes, Phalangeriformes, and Vombatiformes, and many are further grouped into named clades or subfamilies.
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. [ 2 ] They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.