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Pharmaceutical companies argue that the prices they set for a drug are necessary to fund research. High drug prices can sometimes be a necessity to finance the high-risk and high-cost nature of pharmaceutical R&D. [93] 11% of drug candidates that enter clinical trials are successful and receive approval for sale. [94]
Medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use. It also includes the study of existing drugs ...
The biotechnology sector is growing in the New York City area, based upon the region's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for ...
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. [1] Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic ...
Ranking by revenue. The following table lists the largest biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies ranked by revenue in billion USD. The change column indicates the company's relative position in this list compared to its relative position in the preceding year; i.e., an increase would be moving closer to rank 1 and vice versa. Green cells ...
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board office in Ottawa. Bill C-22, which was passed in 1987, established a compulsory licensing system under which drug patent holders were required to allow competing drug manufacturers to import their patented drug in exchange for a very modest 4% royalty, which resulted in an increase in the market share of generic drugs.
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For a more comprehensive list, see List of pharmaceutical sciences journals. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. Health Economics. International Journal of Medical Sciences. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Journal of Controlled Release. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry.