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This effect also occurs in Arctic and Antarctic waters, bringing water to the surface which, although low in oxygen, is higher in nutrients than the original surface water. This enriching of surface nutrients may produce blooms of phytoplankton , making these areas productive.
A map of the Arctic. The red line is the 10 °C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region; also shown is the Arctic Circle. The white area shows the average minimum extent of sea ice in summer as of 1975. [1] The climate of the Arctic is characterized by long, cold winters
As such, the climate of much of the Arctic is moderated by the ocean water, which can never have a temperature below −2 °C (28 °F). In winter, this relatively warm water, even though covered by the polar ice pack , keeps the North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere , and it is also part of the reason that ...
Cold subsides when the vortex restabilizes and drives the arctic air back north. January’s freeze-out comes after December started cold, but finished out unusually warm across most of the country.
"If the sea ice disappears, the Arctic will warm faster and the planet will warm faster," Lehner said. That ice can be thought of like the Earth's air conditioner. It reflects light and heat away ...
The top 150 meters of the EGC is considered polar water and it is cold and low in salinity. The lowness in salinity has a lot to do with freshwater run off from sea ice melting, river runoff, and Pacific water flux and it is cold due to air-sea interactions while in the Arctic.
"The Arctic air coming through Jan. 15th can be the coldest of the winter so far," Anderson said. "This batch of Arctic air will have a vast zone for fresh snow cover to work with and a direct ...
Increasing salinity lowers the freezing point of seawater, so cold liquid brine is formed in inclusions within a honeycomb of ice. The brine progressively melts the ice just beneath it, eventually dripping out of the ice matrix and sinking. This process is known as brine rejection. The resulting Antarctic bottom water sinks and flows north and ...