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Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, Gram positive, rod-shaped bacterium (Fig. 1).The lethality of the disease is caused by the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: (i) the polyglutamic acid capsule, which is anti-phagocytic, and (ii) the tripartite protein toxin, called anthrax toxin.
Skin lesion from anthrax Anthrax skin lesion on the neck Anthrax skin lesion on the face. Cutaneous anthrax, also known as hide-porter's disease, is when anthrax occurs on the skin. It is the most common (>90% of cases) and least dangerous form (low mortality with treatment, 23.7% mortality without).
An eschar (/ ˈ ɛ s k ɑːr /; Greek: ἐσχάρᾱ, romanized: eskhara; Latin: eschara) is a slough [1] or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury, but also seen in gangrene, ulcer, fungal infections, necrotizing spider bite wounds, tick bites associated with spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax.
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The species name anthracis is from the Greek anthrax (ἄνθραξ), meaning "coal" and referring to the most common form of the disease, cutaneous anthrax, in which large, black skin lesions are formed. Throughout the 19th century, Anthrax was an infection that involved several very important medical developments.
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Cutaneous anthrax infection in humans shows up as a boil-like skin lesion that eventually forms an ulcer with a black center , often beginning as an irritating and itchy skin lesion or blister that is dark and usually concentrated as a black dot. Cutaneous infections generally form within the site of spore penetration between two and five days ...
Over the course of its 27-year history, the program weaponized and stockpiled seven bio-agents — Bacillus anthracis , Francisella tularensis , Brucella spp (brucellosis), Coxiella burnetii , Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Botulinum toxin , and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The US also pursued basic research on many more bio-agents.