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Kata were first unified in the Keishicho Gekken Kata or Police Department Attacking Motion Kendo Kata, when exemplary kenshi were hired to standardize kata instruction in 1880. [2] Nihon Kendo Kata were finalized in 1912 for use in public school instruction. [1] [2] Modern usage of kata is as a teaching tool to learn strike techniques, attack ...
Kendo practice at an agricultural school c.1920. The person at right in the foreground is in chūdan-no-kamae, the person at left is in jōdan-no-kamae.. Chūdan-no-kamae (中段の構え:ちゅうだんのかまえ), sometimes shortened to Chūdan-gamae or simply Chūdan, is a basic weapon stance in many Japanese martial arts.
The art contains twelve forms (kata) and were developed in part by Shimizu Takaji and by a committee tasked with the creation of a compact Jōdō system to be taught mainly in Kendo dojos. [1] The result was the Zen Ken Renmei Seitei Jōdō system containing twelve forms and twelve basic techniques (kihon).
Kata are fixed patterns that teach kendōka the basic elements of swordsmanship. The kata include fundamental techniques of attacking and counter-attacking, and have useful practical application in general kendo. There are ten Nihon Kendō Kata (日本剣道形). These are generally practiced with wooden swords (木刀, bokutō or bokken).
Kenjutsu (剣術) is an umbrella term for all schools of Japanese swordsmanship, in particular those that predate the Meiji Restoration. Some modern styles of kendo and iaido that were established in the 20th century also included modern forms of kenjutsu in their curriculum. [ 1 ]
Three more kata were added in 1981 and two more in 2000, increasing the number of seitei iaido kata to the current twelve. These kata are officially known as the "All Japan Kendo Federation Iai" (全日本剣道連盟居合, Zen Nippon Kendō Renmei Iai), or Zen Ken Ren Iai (全剣連居合) and commonly referred to as seitei or seitei-gata. [1]
Kihon (基本, きほん) is a Japanese term meaning "basics" or "fundamentals." The term is used to refer to the basic techniques that are taught and practiced as the foundation of most Japanese martial arts. [1] [2] [3]
Kata are also used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theatre forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony , but are most commonly known in the martial arts. Kata are used by most Japanese and Okinawan martial arts , such as iaido , judo , kendo , kenpo , and karate .
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