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Recently, most non-human theory of mind research has focused on monkeys and great apes, who are of most interest in the study of the evolution of human social cognition. Research can be categorized in to three subsections of theory of mind: attribution of intentions, attribution of knowledge (and perception), and attribution of belief.
The authors conclude, "this study found evidence that humans can perform better than suggested by Matsuzawa in the limited-hold memory task. However, human performance is still below that of chimpanzees. This difference appears to stem from an inability to keep the location of symbols in working memory" [5]
The great apes (Hominidae) show some cognitive and empathic abilities. Chimpanzees can make tools and use them to acquire foods and for social displays; they have mildly complex hunting strategies requiring cooperation, influence and rank; they are status conscious, manipulative and capable of deception; they can learn to use symbols and understand aspects of human language including some ...
Aegyptopithecus, a prehistoric monkey predating the split between apes and other Old World monkeys and the division of Old and New World monkeys, making it more closely related to humans than to New World monkeys. [170] Humans and other apes are Old World monkeys. The word monkey is often used colloquially to describe only those simians which ...
Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms in Coyopolan, Veracruz, Mexico.McKenna and his proponents place these psilocybin mushrooms as the central force in the theory. The stoned ape theory is a controversial hypothesis first proposed by American ethnobotanist and mystic Terence McKenna in his 1992 book Food of the Gods.
A monkey drinking Frooti from a juice box using its hands. The mind and behavior of non-human animals has captivated the human imagination for centuries. Many writers, such as Descartes, have speculated about the presence or absence of the animal mind. [7]
The Old World species are divided into apes and monkeys depending on the number of cusps on their molars: monkeys have four, apes have five [72] - although humans may have four or five. [78] The main hominid molar cusp ( hypocone ) evolved in early primate history, while the cusp of the corresponding primitive lower molar (paraconid) was lost.
The spider monkeys were morphologically similar to humans but still lacked the ability to speak. [3] In a different part of the Popol Vuh, Hunbatz (which literally means 1 Howler monkey) and Hunchouen (1 Spider monkey) are the older brothers of the Hero Twins .