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The propositional calculus [a] is a branch of logic. [1] It is also called propositional logic, [2] statement logic, [1] sentential calculus, [3] sentential logic, [4] [1] or sometimes zeroth-order logic. [b] [6] [7] [8] Sometimes, it is called first-order propositional logic [9] to contrast it with System F, but it should not be confused with ...
In mathematical logic, a propositional variable (also called a sentence letter, [1] sentential variable, or sentential letter) is an input variable (that can either be true or false) of a truth function. Propositional variables are the basic building-blocks of propositional formulas, used in propositional logic and higher-order logics.
In propositional calculus, a propositional function or a predicate is a sentence expressed in a way that would assume the value of true or false, except that within the sentence there is a variable (x) that is not defined or specified (thus being a free variable), which leaves the statement undetermined.
The predicate calculus goes a step further than the propositional calculus to an "analysis of the inner structure of propositions" [4] It breaks a simple sentence down into two parts (i) its subject (the object (singular or plural) of discourse) and (ii) a predicate (a verb or possibly verb-clause that asserts a quality or attribute of the object(s)).
The resolution rule in propositional logic is a single valid inference rule that produces a new clause implied by two clauses containing complementary literals. A literal is a propositional variable or the negation of a propositional variable.
For the pair a, b there are 2 2 =4 possible interpretations: 1) both are assigned T, 2) both are assigned F, 3) a is assigned T and b is assigned F, or 4) a is assigned F and b is assigned T. Given any truth assignment for a set of propositional symbols, there is a unique extension to an interpretation for all the propositional formulas built ...
Proposition 36 on California's November ballot asks voters to change parts of Proposition 47, an initiative passed in 2014 that turned some felonies to misdemeanors. What exactly is Prop. 47?
In propositional calculus a literal is simply a propositional variable or its negation.. In predicate calculus a literal is an atomic formula or its negation, where an atomic formula is a predicate symbol applied to some terms, (, …,) with the terms recursively defined starting from constant symbols, variable symbols, and function symbols.