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The list of medieval universities comprises universities (more precisely, studia generalia) which existed in Europe during the Middle Ages. [3] It also includes short-lived foundations and European educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate.
A map of medieval universities. The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. [7] [8] For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools (scholae monasticae), where monks and nuns taught classes.
European universities date from the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088 or the University of Paris (c. 1150–70). The original medieval universities arose from the Roman Catholic Church schools. Their purposes included training professionals, scientific investigation, improving society, and teaching critical thinking and research.
Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon Aristotelianism and the Ten Categories. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translated scholastic Judeo-Islamic philosophies, and "rediscovered" the collected works of Aristotle.
4. A History of the University in Europe is a four-volume book series on the history and development of the European university from the medieval origins of the institution until the present day. The series was directed by the European University Association [1] and published by Cambridge University Press between 1992 and 2011.
A 1911 map of medieval universities in Europe. The University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy, founded in 1088, the world's oldest university in continuous operation [ 1 ] A dining hall at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, the world's second-oldest university and oldest in the English-speaking world. A partial view of the University of ...
The Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloĊski, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. The university grounds contain the Kraków Old Town, a UNESCO World ...
The scientific enterprise in antiquity and the middle ages: readings from Isis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-74951-7. Walsh, James (1908) [1908]. The Popes and Science: The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9.