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  2. 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St...

    On March 27, 1980, a series of volcanic explosions and pyroclastic flows began at Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, United States. A series of phreatic blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive eruption took place on May 18, 1980, at 8:32 am. The eruption, which had a volcanic explosivity index of 5 ...

  3. Magma chamber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma_chamber

    A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards. [1] If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption ...

  4. Caldera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera

    Caldera. A caldera (/ kɔːlˈdɛrə, kæl -/ [1] kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron -like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant detriment to the structural integrity of such a chamber, greatly ...

  5. Submarine volcano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_volcano

    Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth 's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. [1]

  6. Magmatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatism

    Magmatism. Geological map showing the Gangdese batholith, which is a product of magmatic activity about 100 million years ago. Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity, the production ...

  7. Volcanic plug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_plug

    An aerial view of the Gros Piton and Petit Piton, in St. Lucia, 2006. A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. When present, a plug can cause an extreme build-up of high gas pressure if rising volatile -charged magma is trapped beneath it, and ...

  8. Mount Taranaki - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Taranaki

    White shading is selected caldera features. Mount Taranaki (Māori: Taranaki Maunga, also known as Mount Egmont) is a dormant stratovolcano in the Taranaki region on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island. [ 5 ][ 6 ] At 2,518 metres (8,261 ft), it is the second highest mountain in the North Island, after Mount Ruapehu.

  9. Batholith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batholith

    A batholith (from Ancient Greek bathos 'depth' and lithos 'rock') is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called plutonic rock), larger than 100 km 2 (40 sq mi) in area, [1] that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock types, such as granite, quartz ...

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