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Stud. Sill plate / sole plate / bottom plate. Wall studs are framing components in timber or steel -framed walls, that run between the top and bottom plates. It is a fundamental element in frame building. The majority non- masonry buildings rely on wall studs, with wood being the most common and least-expensive material used for studs.
Lumber. Wood cut from Victorian Eucalyptus regnans. The harbor of Bellingham, Washington, filled with logs, 1972. Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, window frames).
Studs usually consist of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-by-3 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch (38 mm × 89 mm) or 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-by-5 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch (38 mm × 140 mm) lumber and are commonly spaced at 16 inches (410 mm) on center. This spacing may be changed to 12 or 24 inches (300 or 610 mm) on center depending on the load and the limitations imposed by the type and thickness of the ...
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving (see below). [1][2] In many domestic ...
Cement board. Cement board is composed of aggregated Portland cement with a glass-fiber mesh on the surfaces. This 5⁄16 inch (7.9 mm) thick cement board is designed as an underlayment for tile floors. These are 3-by-5-foot (91 by 152 cm) sheets. A cement board is a combination of cement and reinforcing fibers formed into sheets, of varying ...
Column of the Gordon Monument in Waterloo. A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support ...
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T-beam. A T-beam (or tee beam), used in construction, is a load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete, wood or metal, with a capital 'T'-shaped cross section. The top of the T-shaped cross section serves as a flange or compression member in resisting compressive stresses. The web (vertical section) of the beam below the compression flange ...