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v. t. e. A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic —specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus —which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables. [1]
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas in elementary algebra the values of the variables are numbers. Second, Boolean algebra uses logical operators such ...
A Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a diagram that can be used to simplify a Boolean algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced it in 1953 [1][2] as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch 's 1952 Veitch chart, [3][4] which itself was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand 's 1881 logical diagram[5][6] (aka. Marquand diagram[4]).
A truth table is a semantic proof method used to determine the truth value of a propositional logic expression in every possible scenario. [88] By exhaustively listing the truth values of its constituent atoms, a truth table can show whether a proposition is true, false, tautological, or contradictory. [89] See § Semantic proof via truth tables.
Existential generalization / instantiation. In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, [1][2][3] also known as De Morgan's theorem, [4] are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference. They are named after Augustus De Morgan, a 19th-century British mathematician.
Zhegalkin (also Žegalkin, Gégalkine or Shegalkin[1]) polynomials (Russian: полиномы Жегалкина), also known as algebraic normal form, are a representation of functions in Boolean algebra. Introduced by the Russian mathematician Ivan Ivanovich Zhegalkin in 1927, [2] they are the polynomial ring over the integers modulo 2.
Three-valued logic. In logic, a three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, [1] sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false, and some third value. This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical ...
propositional logic, Boolean algebra, first-order logic. ⊥ {\displaystyle \bot } denotes a proposition that is always false. The symbol ⊥ may also refer to perpendicular lines. The proposition. ⊥ ∧ P {\displaystyle \bot \wedge P} is always false since at least one of the two is unconditionally false. ∀.