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Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost. Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.
If the crystal is sufficiently ordered, it will diffract. Some proteins naturally form crystalline arrays, like aquaporin in the lens of the eye. [1] [2] In the process of protein crystallization, proteins are dissolved in an aqueous environment and sample solution until they reach the supersaturated state. [3]
Another example is chloral hydrate, CCl 3 −CH(OH) 2, which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral, CCl 3 −CH=O. Many organic molecules, as well as inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule (water of crystallization).
Emoto claimed that water was a "blueprint for our reality" and that emotional "energies" and "vibrations" could change its physical structure. [14] His water crystal experiments consisted of exposing water in glasses to various words, pictures, or music, then freezing it and examining the ice crystals' aesthetic properties with microscopic photography. [9]
Polycrystalline or crystal powder samples may consist of more than one crystal phase. Such a phase comprises all the crystallites in the sample with the same crystal structure. Crystal phases can be identified by successfully matching suitable crystallographic parameters with their counterparts in database entries.
Crystallization is a process that leads to solids with highly organized atoms or molecules, i.e. a crystal.The ordered nature of a crystalline solid can be contrasted with amorphous solids in which atoms or molecules lack regular organization.
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) is a standard text file format for representing crystallographic information, promulgated by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). CIF was developed by the IUCr Working Party on Crystallographic Information in an effort sponsored by the IUCr Commission on Crystallographic Data and the IUCr ...
Cold water extraction (also called CWE) is the process whereby a substance is extracted from a mixture via cold water. It is a type of fractional crystallization . The process generally involves taking a mixture of substances, dissolving them in warm water, and then rapidly cooling the mixture.