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Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids.
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis often presents with hematuria (gross or microscopic) or nephrotic syndrome. [2] Presentation can also include asymptomatic proteinuria. [2] These presenting symptoms are relatively non-specific and are often seen in other glomerular disorders.
This deposition damages the kidney, leading to renal insufficiency. The damage to the kidney may also prevent protein re-absorption by the kidney; instead of being reabsorbed, the proteins enter the urine. It can also lead to the other symptoms of nephrotic syndrome such as swelling and low serum albumin.
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine , low blood albumin levels , high blood lipids , and significant swelling . Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine.
IgM nephropathy; Other names: immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) Antibody type IgM scheme. Blue - heavy chains, Yellow — light chains, Dark yellow/blue — variable regions (ends are binding sites), Light yellow/blue — constant regions, Green — disulfide bridges, Black — J chain
A meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials comparing treatments of membranous nephropathy showed that regimes comprising chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, either alone or with steroids, were more effective than symptomatic treatment or treatment with steroids alone in inducing remission of the nephrotic syndrome. [citation needed]
This constellation of symptoms contrasts with the classical presentation of nephrotic syndrome (excessive proteinuria >3.5 g/day, low plasma albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) <3 g/L, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia). [8] [10] Signs and symptoms that are consistent with nephritic syndrome include: Hematuria (red blood cells in the urine) [11]
Edema - Volume overload associated with liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or nephrotic syndrome [11] Cerebral edema - intravenous furosemide can be combined with mannitol to initiate rapid diuresis. However, the optimum duration of such treatment remains unknown.