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In the peroxisomes, glyoxylate is converted into glycine by AGT1 or into oxalate by glycolate oxidase. In the mitochondria, glyoxylate is converted into glycine by AGT2 or into glycolate by glyoxylate reductase. A small amount of glyoxylate is converted into oxalate by cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. [18]
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; [6] / ˈ ɡ l aɪ s iː n / ⓘ) [7] is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid ( carbamic acid is unstable). Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids .
In enzymology, a glycine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glycine + 2-oxoglutarate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } glyoxylate + L-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycine and 2-oxoglutarate , whereas its two products are glyoxylate and L-glutamate .
In enzymology, a glycine-oxaloacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. glycine + oxaloacetate glyoxylate + L-aspartate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycine and oxaloacetate, whereas its two products are glyoxylate and L-aspartate.
The reduced function of the enzyme causes a build-up of glyoxylate in the liver, and in turn causes an increase in oxalate levels in urine. [ 9 ] The reduced enzyme function can be caused by a rare inherited autosomal recessive [ 10 ] disorder known as primary hyperoxaluria type II (PH2).
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid or OAA) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO 2 CC(O)CH 2 CO 2 H. Oxaloacetic acid, in the form of its conjugate base oxaloacetate, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals.
The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an N-acyl glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone (also known as an azlactone). [1] [2] Azlactone chemistry: step 2 is a Perkin variation
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C 2 O 2− 4.This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na 2 C 2 O 4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH 3) 2 C 2 O 4).