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The largest application of fluorine gas, consuming up to 7,000 metric tons annually, is in the preparation of UF 6 for the nuclear fuel cycle. Fluorine is used to fluorinate uranium tetrafluoride, itself formed from uranium dioxide and hydrofluoric acid. [185] Fluorine is monoisotopic, so any mass differences between UF
The fluorine–fluorine bond of the difluorine molecule is relatively weak when compared to the bonds of heavier dihalogen molecules. The bond energy is significantly weaker than those of Cl 2 or Br 2 molecules and similar to the easily cleaved oxygen–oxygen bonds of peroxides or nitrogen–nitrogen bonds of hydrazines. [8]
Oxygen difluoride. A common preparative method involves fluorination of sodium hydroxide: 2 F 2 + 2 NaOH → OF 2 + 2 NaF + H 2 O. OF 2 is a colorless gas at room temperature and a yellow liquid below 128 K. Oxygen difluoride has an irritating odor and is poisonous. [3] It reacts quantitatively with aqueous haloacids to give free halogens:
Boiling liquid oxygen. This is a list of gases at standard conditions, ... This list is sorted by boiling point of gases in ascending ... Fluorine: F 2: −188.11 − ...
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are the compounds consisting of fluorine and carbon. They are widely used in the electronics, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in refrigeration when combined with other gases. PFCs were commonly used as fire extinguishants in the past and are still found in older fire protection systems.
Within organofluorides, refrigerant gases are still the dominant segment, consuming about 80% of HF. Even though chlorofluorocarbons are widely banned, the replacement refrigerants are often other fluorinated molecules. Fluoropolymers are less than one quarter the size of refrigerant gases in terms of fluorine usage, but are growing faster.
An industrial gas company may also offer to act as plant operator under an operations and maintenance contract for a gases facility for a customer, since it usually has the experience of running such facilities for the production or handling of gases for itself. Some materials are dangerous to use as a gas; for example, fluorine is highly ...
Dioxygen difluoride can be obtained by subjecting a 1:1 mixture of gaseous fluorine and oxygen at low pressure (7–17 mmHg (0.9–2.3 kPa) is optimal) to an electric discharge of 25–30 mA at 2.1–2.4 kV. [3] A similar method was used for the first synthesis by Otto Ruff in 1933. [4] Another synthesis involves mixing O 2 and F