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An E-box (enhancer box) is a DNA response element found in some eukaryotes that acts as a protein-binding site and has been found to regulate gene expression in neurons, muscles, and other tissues. [1]
The 480 bp enhancer responsible for driving the sharp stripe two of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) has been well-characterized. The enhancer contains 12 different binding sites for maternal and gap gene transcription factors. Activating and repressing sites overlap in sequence.
Enhancers are DNA sequences found in 5′ flanking regions of eukaryotic genes that affect transcription. If a transcription factor binds to an enhancer in a 5′ flanking region, the DNA strand bends in a way that the transcription factor that is bound to the enhancer can also bind the promoter of a gene.
In the human genome, C-myc is located on chromosome 8 and is believed to regulate expression of 15% of all genes [7] through binding on enhancer box sequences . In addition to its role as a classical transcription factor, N-myc may recruit histone acetyltransferases (HATs). This allows it to regulate global chromatin structure via histone ...
Enhanceosomes are formed in special cases when these activators cooperatively bind together along the enhancer sequence to create a distinct three-dimensional structure. Each enhanceosome is unique towards its specific enhancer. This assembly is facilitated by energetically favorable protein: protein and protein: DNA interactions. Therefore ...
Figure 1. TATA box structural elements. The TATA box consensus sequence is TATAWAW, where W is either A or T. In molecular biology, the TATA box (also called the Goldberg–Hogness box) [1] is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes. [2]
Transcription preinitiation complex, represented by the central cluster of proteins, causes RNA polymerase to bind to target DNA site. The PIC is able to bind both the promoter sequence near the gene to be transcribed and an enhancer sequence in a different part of the genome, allowing enhancer sequences to regulate a gene distant from it.
If residue 18 is a histidine, it will bind to a G, and if residue 18 is a glutamate, it will bind to a C. GC box-binding zinc fingers have between 2 and 4 fingers, making them interact with base pair sequences that are 6 to 8 base pairs in length.