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Prison labor is legal under the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. [1] Prison labor in the U.S. generates significant economic output. [2] Incarcerated workers provide services valued at $9 billion annually and produce over $2 billion in goods.
Penal labour is also sometimes used as a punishment in the US military. [68] One of the first for-profit prisons in the US was Auburn Prison, located in Auburn, New York, along the Owasco River. The prison was constructed in 1816 and prison labor was used to produce common goods like combs, shoes, animal harnesses, carpets, buckets, and barrels.
Convict leasing is a system of forced penal labor whose practice began in the Southern United States. Despite the passage of the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1864. Despite the passage of the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1864.
A prison farm (also known as a penal farm) is a large correctional facility where penal labor convicts work — legally or illegally — on a farm (in the wide sense of a productive unit), usually for manual labor, largely in the open air, such as in agriculture, logging, quarrying, and mining.
Prison labour wages are characteristically low. In the US, the average daily minimum wage for non-industry penal jobs was US$0.86 in 2017 compared to US$0.93 in 2001. [10] The average daily maximum wage for industry-type work also declined from US$4.73 in 2001 to US$3.45 in 2017. [10]
Proposition 6 asks California voters to amend the state Constitution to ban involuntary servitude, which would end forced labor in state prisons.
The Auburn system's combination of congregate labor in prison workshops and solitary confinement by night became a near-universal ideal in United States prison systems, if not an actual reality. Under the Auburn system, prisoners slept alone at night and labored together in a congregate workshop during the day for the entirety of their fixed ...
The new proposed amendment, through Assembly Bill 628, a companion bill to the ballot language, would make prison work optional by instituting a voluntary work program.