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The role of cytokines in sundowning can improve our understanding of the pathology. [12] Injection of chemogenetic ligands into the eye to stimulate the SCN through the retinohypothalamic tract is another possible treatment for sundown syndrome as a similar strategy has been thought to have potential with regards to therapy for mood-related ...
Also known as “sundowner’s syndrome,” sundowning is a set of symptoms or behaviors that can be seen in some people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, according to the Alzheimer’s ...
In the extreme form, conjugate down gaze in the primary position, or the "setting-sun sign" is observed. Neurosurgeons see this sign most commonly in patients with hydrocephalus. [8] Pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils: Accommodative paresis ensues, and pupils become mid-dilated and show light-near dissociation.
Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a clinical variant of sleep apnea that can also cause hypersomnia. [8] Just as other sleep disorders (like narcolepsy) can coexist with sleep apnea, the same is true for UARS.
Patients with alcoholic dementia often develop apathy, related to frontal lobe damage, that may mimic depression. [3] People with an alcohol use disorder are more likely to become depressed than people without alcohol use disorder, [ 4 ] and it may be difficult to differentiate between depression and alcohol dementia.
Between 5% and 25% of diagnosed dementias in older adults are due to one of the Lewy body dementias. [14] [a] As of 2014, the Lewy body dementias affect about 1.3 million people in the US and 140,000 in the UK. [6] LBD usually develops after the age of 50. [8] Men are more likely to be diagnosed than women. [8]
The patient had a fraternal twin brother, and the two previously performed in parallel academically, but following the steroid treatment the patient exhibited poor memory, attention, concentration, insomnia, and avoidance of eye contact. As a result, he began to fall behind his twin brother in academic, developmental, and social areas.
In order to be considered pathological, the ICSD-II requires that in the sleep-related rhythmic movements should “markedly interfere with normal sleep, cause significant impairment in daytime function, or result in self-inflicted bodily injury that requires medical treatment (or would result in injury if preventive measures were not used)”.