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With US, larger stones (>5–7 mm) within the kidney, i.e., in the calyces, the pelvis and the pyeloureteric junction, can be differentiated, especially in the cases with accompanying hydronephrosis (Figure 18 and Figure 19). Hyperechoic stones are seen with accompanying posterior shadowing.
KUB is typically used to investigate gastrointestinal conditions such as a bowel obstruction and gallstones, and can detect the presence of kidney stones. The KUB is often used to diagnose constipation as stool can be seen readily. The KUB is also used to assess positioning of indwelling devices such as ureteric stents and nasogastric tubes.
Assessment of the urinary tract for abnormalities such as blockage or narrowing, the presence of kidney stones, or tumours. [2] Use of duplex ultrasound to determine if there is backward flow of urine, for example in vesicoureteric reflux. Determination of how much urine is in the bladder, for example to assess for urinary retention.
Otherwise a noncontrast helical CT scan with 5 millimeters (0.2 in) sections is the diagnostic method to use to detect kidney stones and confirm the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. [ 16 ] [ 57 ] [ 61 ] [ 66 ] [ 7 ] Near all stones are detectable on CT scans with the exception of those composed of certain drug residues in the urine, [ 59 ...
Treatments depend on the patient, the type of kidney stone and several other factors. These include: Surgical intervention. Some patients may need surgery to remove kidney stones or to help them pass.
Ultrasound imaging is useful for detecting stones, for example kidney stones or gallstones, because they create a clearly visible ultrasound shadow behind the stone. [ citation needed ] Ultrasonography can be used to guide procedures such as treatment for kidney stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy , needle biopsies or paracentesis ...
Ultrasound findings that indicate pyelonephritis are enlargement of the kidney, edema in the renal sinus or parenchyma, bleeding, loss of corticomedullary differentiation, abscess formation, or an areas of poor blood flow on doppler ultrasound. [21] However, ultrasound findings are seen in only 20–24% of people with pyelonephritis. [21]
Some stone types (mainly those with substantial calcium content) can be detected on X-ray and CT scan; Many stone types can be detected by ultrasound; Factors contributing to stone formation (as in #Etiology) are often tested: Laboratory testing can give levels of relevant substances in blood or urine