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In computing, a symbolic link (also symlink or soft link) is a file whose purpose is to point to a file or directory (called the "target") by specifying a path thereto. [ 1 ] Symbolic links are supported by POSIX and by most Unix-like operating systems , such as FreeBSD , Linux , and macOS .
Displays value of a symbolic link: runcon: Run command with specified security context seq: Prints a sequence of numbers sleep: Delays for a specified amount of time stat: Returns data about an inode: stdbuf: Controls buffering for commands that use stdio stty: Changes and prints terminal line settings tee: Sends output to multiple files test ...
In FreeBSD and DragonFly BSD it can be changed before rebooting the system with the command nextboot -o "-s" -k kernel, and its bootloader offers the option on bootup to start in single-user mode. In Solaris the command reboot -- -s will cause a reboot into single-user mode. macOS users can accomplish this by holding down ⌘ S after powering ...
Restarting a computer also is called rebooting, which can be "hard", e.g. after electrical power to the CPU is switched from off to on, or "soft", where the power is not cut. On some systems, a soft boot may optionally clear RAM to zero. Both hard and soft booting can be initiated by hardware such as a button press or by a software command.
In Unix and Linux, the shutdown command can be used to turn off or reboot a computer. Only the superuser or a user with special privileges can shut the system down. One commonly issued form of this command is shutdown -h now, which will shut down a system immediately. Another one is shutdown -r now to reboot.
It also contains a command-line interface, which makes it easier to fix or modify GRUB if it is misconfigured or corrupt. [16] Loadlin is a bootloader that can replace a running DOS or Windows 9x kernel with the Linux kernel at run time. This can be useful in the case of hardware that needs to be switched on via software and for which such ...
However, new software added to the system may require changes to existing files that risk producing an unbootable system. BSD init was, prior to 4.3BSD, the same as Research UNIX's init; [ 4 ] [ 5 ] in 4.3BSD , it added support for running a windowing system such as X on graphical terminals under the control of /etc/ttys .
More commonly, the desired command names are linked (using hard or symbolic links) to the BusyBox executable; BusyBox reads argv[0] to find the name by which it is called, and runs the appropriate command, for example just /bin/ls. after /bin/ls is linked to /bin/busybox. This works because the first argument passed to a program is the name ...