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Endometriosis is estimated to occur in 7% to 10% of women, with an associated risk of infertility for between 30% and 50% of this population. [1] [2] [3] Endometriosis is commonly classified under the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine system from minimal endometriosis to severe endometriosis. The therapy and management of ...
Endometriosis can also impact a woman's fetus or neonate, increasing the risks for congenital malformations, preterm delivery and higher neonatal death rates. [46] Endometriosis can lead to ovarian cysts (endometriomas), adhesions, and damage to the fallopian tubes or ovaries, all of which can interfere with ovulation and fertilization.
The coelomic metaplasia theory provides a theory for the pathology of endometriosis (a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus). The coelomic epithelium develops into: peritoneum, pleura and the surface of the ovary. This combines retrograde and metaplasia and may explain the distant sites of endometriosis. [1]
The traditional manifestation of cutaneous endometriosis is a hard nodule or papule with an average diameter of 2 cm. If a patient presents with a nodule at the umbilicus and exhibits symptoms like discomfort, itching, bleeding, or discharge, it is recommended to consider umbilical endometriosis. [4]
A 2022 study published in the American Heart Association’s journal Stroke found that women with a history of endometriosis may be nearly 35% more likely to have a stroke later in life than their ...
Secondary dysmenorrhea is the type of dysmenorrhea caused by another condition such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, [5] uterine adenomyosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Rarely, birth defects, intrauterine devices, certain cancers, and pelvic infections cause secondary dysmenorrhea. [12]
Pelvic pain is a general term that may have many causes, listed below. The subcategorical term urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) is an umbrella term adopted for use in research into urologic pain syndromes associated with the male and female pelvis. [9]
Thoracic endometriosis is the most common non-abdominal site of involvement and is also the primary risk factor for catamenial pneumothorax. [5] Catamenial pneumothorax is the primary clinical presentation of thoracic endometriosis, and is defined as recurrent episodes of lung collapse within 72 hours before or after menstruation.