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Photosynthetic reaction centre proteins are main protein components of photosynthetic reaction centres (RCs) of bacteria and plants. They are transmembrane proteins embedded in the chloroplast thylakoid or bacterial cell membrane. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria have one type of PRC for each of its two photosystems.
The electron transport protein plastocyanin is present in the lumen and shuttles electrons from the cytochrome b6f protein complex to photosystem I. While plastoquinones are lipid-soluble and therefore move within the thylakoid membrane, plastocyanin moves through the thylakoid lumen.
In bacteria, the Tat translocase is found in the cytoplasmic membrane and serves to export proteins to the cell envelope, or to the extracellular space. [1] The existence of a Tat translocase in plant mitochondria is also proposed. [2] [3] In the plant thylakoid membrane and in Gram-negative bacteria the Tat translocase is composed of three ...
The F o domains sits within the membrane, spanning the phospholipid bilayer, while the F 1 domain extends into the cytosol of the cell to facilitate the use of newly synthesized ATP. The Bovine Mitochondrial F 1 -ATPase Complexed with the inhibitor protein If1 is commonly cited in the relevant literature.
Reaction centers are multi-protein complexes found within the thylakoid membrane. At the heart of a photosystem lies the reaction center, which is an enzyme that uses light to reduce and oxidize molecules (give off and take up electrons). This reaction center is surrounded by light-harvesting complexes that enhance the absorption of light.
In bacteria, the Tat system exports proteins from the cytoplasm across the inner cell membrane; whereas in chloroplasts, it is present in the thylakoid membrane where it aids the import of proteins from the stroma. [13] Tat proteins are highly variable in different bacteria and are classified into three major types, namely TatA, TatB, and TatC.
Photosystem I [1] is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by Photosystem I are used to produce the moderate-energy hydrogen carrier NADPH . [ 2 ]
The gradient is only used to power transport across the thylakoid membrane, however, while the gradient in the mitochondria is used to power transport across its inner membrane. [3] Furthermore, due to the thylakoid membrane located inside of the chloroplast, a second transit peptide sequence must be located on the imported protein.