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Refactoring is usually motivated by noticing a code smell. [2] For example, the method at hand may be very long, or it may be a near duplicate of another nearby method. Once recognized, such problems can be addressed by refactoring the source code, or transforming it into a new form that behaves the same as before but that no longer "smells".
It states that two instances of similar code do not require refactoring, but when similar code is used three times, it should be extracted into a new procedure. The rule was popularised by Martin Fowler in Refactoring [1] and attributed to Don Roberts. Duplication is considered a bad practice in programming because it makes the code harder to ...
This beckons as another opportunity for refactoring to be used in order to improve the quality of the code. Refactoring to eliminate data clumps does not need to be done by hand. Many modern fully featured IDEs have functionality (often labeled as "Extract Class") that is capable of performing this refactoring automatically or nearly so. This ...
Thus, a code smell is a driver for refactoring. Factors such as the understandability of code, how easy it is to be modified, the ease in which it can be enhanced to support functional changes, the code's ability to be reused in different settings, how testable the code is, and code reliability are factors that can be used to identify code ...
Code is refactored for readability and maintainability. In particular, hard-coded test data should be removed from the production code. Running the test suite after each refactor ensures that no existing functionality is broken. Examples of refactoring: moving code to where it most logically belongs; removing duplicate code; making names self ...
N. Moha et al.: "Code and design smells are poor solutions to recurring implementation and design problems." [3] R. C. Martin: "Design smells are the odors of rotting software." [4] Fowler: "Smells are certain structures in the code that suggest (sometimes they scream for) the possibility of refactoring." [2]
"Don't repeat yourself" (DRY), also known as "duplication is evil", is a principle of software development aimed at reducing repetition of information which is likely to change, replacing it with abstractions that are less likely to change, or using data normalization which avoids redundancy in the first place.
Type generalization is a technique commonly used in refactoring.The idea is to draw on the benefits of object-orientation and make more-generalized types, thus enabling more code sharing, leading to better maintainability as there is less code to write.