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The beads were integrated in Native American jewelry using various beadwork techniques. Trade beads were also used by early Europeans to purchase African resources, [2] including slaves in the African slave trade. Aggry beads are a particular type of decorated glass bead from Ghana. The practice continued until the early twentieth century.
African commodities were traded for glass beads made in Venice, used for jewelry and decoration of textiles. The trade networks facilitated the exchange of a wide range of goods and resources, each with significant economic implications. Gold was perhaps the most important commodity traded, particularly from West Africa.
The production of beads from imported glass shards, cullet (scraps) and undesired glass beads has a lively presence in the history of Sub-Saharan Africa. Imported glass was either formed by melting such imported glass, potentially adding desired colorants, and then shaping the melt into a bead form; or, by grinding down the imported glass to ...
Founded c. 800 BCE, Carthage became one terminus for West African gold, ivory, and slaves. West Africa received salt, cloth, beads, and metal goods. Shillington proceeds to identify this trade route as the source for West African iron smelting. [17] Trade continued into Roman times.
Southern Africa: Beadwork by the Xhosa, Zulu, Ndebele, and Basotho has been documented. Historically garments were decorated from natural materials such as ostrich shells. It was only in the 1930s that the Portuguese introduced glass beads through trade and eventually the glass beads purchased from Indian merchants or Christian missionaries.
These Hebron glass beads were used for trade, and export primarily to Africa from the early to mid-19th century. Spread throughout West Africa, in Kano, Nigeria, they were grounded on the edges to make round beads fit together on a strand more suitably. There, they picked up the name "Kano Beads", although they were not originally produced in Kano.
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From its Indian origins, glass beads spread as far as Africa and Japan, sailing with the monsoon winds, hence their being referred to as 'trade wind beads'. [19] The most common compositional type, representing 40% of the glass finds for the region, is known as mineral soda-alumina glass [ 20 ] and is found from the 4th century BC to the 16th ...