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As high intake of vitamin D is a cause of raised calcium levels (hypercalcemia), the addition of vitamin K may be beneficial in helping to prevent vascular calcification, particularly in people with chronic kidney disease. [80] [81]
Asian immigrants living in Europe have an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 40% of non-Western immigrants in the Netherlands, and in more than 80% of Turkish and Moroccan immigrants. The Middle East, despite high rates of sun-exposure, has the highest rates of rickets worldwide. [42]
The most common cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency of vitamin D, which is normally derived from sunlight exposure and, to a lesser extent, from the diet. [10] The most specific screening test for vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy individuals is a serum 25(OH)D level. [ 11 ]
Signs of vitamin D deficiency. Fatigue. Mood changes. Muscle pain and weakness. Reduced immune function. Increased inflammation. Frequent infections. Rickets (in children)
For a healthy individual, if calcium levels are high, the kidneys will decrease its production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) by reducing the hydroxylation of calcidiol (inactive vitamin D); lower calcitriol levels means a lower rate of calcium absorption in the small intestine, which eventually offsets the elevated calcium levels. [10]
Vitamin D deficiency is a pretty common problem for people year-round—and that deficit only increases in the winter. Be sure to stay on top of your doctor visits to ensure you're always getting ...
Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A.
An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium, which can cause overcalcification of the bones, soft tissues, heart and kidneys. In addition, hypertension can result. [2] Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity may include the following: Dehydration; Vomiting; Diarrhea; Decreased appetite; Irritability; Constipation ...