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Composition over inheritance (or composite reuse principle) in object-oriented programming (OOP) is the principle that classes should favor polymorphic behavior and code reuse by their composition (by containing instances of other classes that implement the desired functionality) over inheritance from a base or parent class. [2]
Inheritance is contrasted with object composition, where one object contains another object (or objects of one class contain objects of another class); see composition over inheritance. In contrast to subtyping’s is-a relationship, composition implements a has-a relationship.
Composition over inheritance: "Favor 'object composition' over 'class inheritance'." (Gang of Four 1995:20) The authors claim the following as advantages of interfaces over implementation: clients remain unaware of the specific types of objects they use, as long as the object adheres to the interface
This is an example of a violation of the composition over inheritance principle in the Java platform libraries, since in computer science, a vector is generally not a stack. [16] Composition would have been more appropriate in this scenario.
Some languages like Go do not support inheritance at all. Go states that it is object-oriented, [35] and Bjarne Stroustrup, author of C++, has stated that it is possible to do OOP without inheritance. [36] The doctrine of composition over inheritance advocates implementing has-a relationships using composition instead of inheritance. For ...
A class hierarchy or inheritance tree in computer science is a classification of object types, ... (Java, C++, Smalltalk, Visual ... Composition over inheritance ...
On the other hand, inheritance can be statically type-checked, while delegation generally cannot without generics (although a restricted version of delegation can be statically typesafe [7]). Delegation can be termed "run-time inheritance for specific objects." Here is a pseudocode example in a C#/Java like language:
The ECS uses composition, rather than inheritance trees. An entity will be typically made up of an ID and a list of components that are attached to it. Any game object can be created by adding the correct components to an entity. This allows the developer to easily add features to an entity, without any dependency issues.