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  2. Calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_Variations

    A simple example of such a problem is to find the curve of shortest length connecting two points. If there are no constraints, the solution is a straight line between the points. However, if the curve is constrained to lie on a surface in space, then the solution is less obvious, and possibly many solutions may exist.

  3. Envelope (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(mathematics)

    This curve is called the characteristic of the family at a. As a varies the locus of these characteristic curves defines a surface called the envelope of the family of surfaces. The envelope of a family of surfaces is tangent to each surface in the family along the characteristic curve in that surface.

  4. Symbolab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolab

    Symbolab is an answer engine [1] that provides step-by-step solutions to mathematical problems in a range of subjects. [2] It was originally developed by Israeli start-up company EqsQuest Ltd., under whom it was released for public use in 2011.

  5. Knee of a curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_of_a_curve

    Photovoltaic solar cell I-V curves where a line intersects the knee of the curves where the maximum power transfer point is located. In mathematics , a knee of a curve (or elbow of a curve ) is a point where the curve visibly bends, specifically from high slope to low slope (flat or close to flat), or in the other direction.

  6. Gradient theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_theorem

    The gradient theorem states that if the vector field F is the gradient of some scalar-valued function (i.e., if F is conservative), then F is a path-independent vector field (i.e., the integral of F over some piecewise-differentiable curve is dependent only on end points). This theorem has a powerful converse:

  7. Differentiable curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable_curve

    Differential geometry of curves is the branch of geometry that deals with smooth curves in the plane and the Euclidean space by methods of differential and integral calculus. Many specific curves have been thoroughly investigated using the synthetic approach .

  8. Counting points on elliptic curves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_points_on...

    An important aspect in the study of elliptic curves is devising effective ways of counting points on the curve.There have been several approaches to do so, and the algorithms devised have proved to be useful tools in the study of various fields such as number theory, and more recently in cryptography and Digital Signature Authentication (See elliptic curve cryptography and elliptic curve DSA).

  9. Critical point (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(mathematics)

    Although it is easily visualized on the graph (which is a curve), the notion of critical point of a function must not be confused with the notion of critical point, in some direction, of a curve (see below for a detailed definition). If g(x, y) is a differentiable function of two variables, then g(x,y) = 0 is the implicit equation of a curve.