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  2. Linguistic prescription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_prescription

    Prescriptive approaches to language are often contrasted with the descriptive approach of academic linguistics, which observes and records how language is actually used (while avoiding passing judgment). [6] [7] The basis of linguistic research is text analysis and field study, both of which are descriptive activities. Description may also ...

  3. Normativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normativity

    Many researchers in science, law, and philosophy try to restrict the use of the term "normative" to the evaluative sense and refer to the description of behavior and outcomes as positive, descriptive, predictive, or empirical. [1] [2] Normative has specialized meanings in different academic disciplines such as philosophy, social sciences, and ...

  4. Linguistic description - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_description

    Linguistic description is often contrasted with linguistic prescription, [8] which is found especially in education and in publishing. [9] [10]As English-linguist Larry Andrews describes it, descriptive grammar is the linguistic approach which studies what a language is like, as opposed to prescriptive, which declares what a language should be like.

  5. Descriptivist theory of names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptivist_theory_of_names

    In the philosophy of language, the descriptivist theory of proper names (also descriptivist theory of reference) [1] is the view that the meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to the descriptions associated with it by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions.

  6. Normative ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative_ethics

    Likewise, normative ethics is distinct from applied ethics in that normative ethics is more concerned with 'who ought one be' rather than the ethics of a specific issue (e.g. if, or when, abortion is acceptable). Normative ethics is also distinct from descriptive ethics, as descriptive ethics is an empirical investigation of people's moral beliefs.

  7. History of linguistic prescription in English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_linguistic...

    During the second half of the 20th century, the prescriptivist tradition of usage commentators started to fall under increasing criticism. Thus, works such as the Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, appearing in 1993, attempt to describe usage issues of words and syntax as they are actually used by writers of note, rather than to judge them by standards derived from logic, fine ...

  8. Fact–value distinction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact–value_distinction

    This rendered all facts about human action examinable under a normative framework defined by cardinal virtues and capital vices. "Fact" in this sense was not value-free, and the fact-value distinction was an alien concept. The decline of Aristotelianism in the 16th century set the framework in which those theories of knowledge could be revised. [6]

  9. Descriptive ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_ethics

    Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality. [1] It contrasts with prescriptive or normative ethics , which is the study of ethical theories that prescribe how people ought to act, and with meta-ethics , which is the study of what ethical terms and theories actually refer to.