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Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 C 5 H 2 O 2 OH. It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae , which has the Japanese common name koji .
The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and Karl Saller is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color. The scale uses the following designations: A (very light blond), B to E (light blond), F to L (), M to O (dark blond), P to T (light brown to brown), U to Y (dark brown to black) and Roman numerals I to IV and V to VI (red-blond).
Dermatologists discuss the benefits of kojic acid for skin, including how the ingredients helps brighten skin, reduces dark spots and discoloration, and more.
Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is used as a skin bleacher. Its biochemical mechanism is unclear. [6] Side effects may include sun sensitivity, skin redness, thickening, or itching. [6] Low concentrations may be used in cosmetics. [6] Kojic acid has been found to be an effective lightener in some studies and is also allowed to be used in cosmetics. [6]
The original hair type chart, also known as the hair typing system, was created by Andre Walker, Oprah Winfrey's hairstylist, in the 1990s. He debuted the system on Winfrey's show to promote his ...
The combination of kojic acid, 10% glycolic acid and tranexamic acid “act synergistically for brightening skin overall and lightening dark spots,” says Castilla, who notes that it’s a ...
A woman with dyed pink hair. Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the color of the hair on humans' heads.The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to alter hair to create a specific look, to change a color to suit preference or to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.
Acid perms, or buffered wavers, are slower but gentler to the hair. Heat is usually added by placing the client under a dryer, after covering the wrapped head with a plastic cap. The reaction is endothermic and the additional heat causes the pH to rise from 6.9 to 7.2.