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Debris flow channel with deposits left after 2010 storms in Ladakh, NW Indian Himalaya. Coarse bouldery levees form the channel sides. Poorly sorted rocks lie on the channel floor. Debris flow in Saint-Julien-Mont-Denis, France, July 2013 Scars formed by debris flow in Ventura, greater Los Angeles during the winter of 1983. The photograph was ...
A schematic diagram of where the different types of sediment load are carried in the flow. Dissolved load is not sediment: it is composed of disassociated ions moving along with the flow. It may, however, constitute a significant proportion (often several percent, but occasionally greater than half) of the total amount of material being ...
The differences between paraconglomerates and orthoconglomerates reflect differences in how they are deposited. Paraconglomerates are commonly either glacial tills or debris flow deposits. Orthoconglomerates are typically associated with aqueous currents. [1] [2] [5] A conglomerate at the base of the Cambrian in the Black Hills, South Dakota.
Debris flow deposits are characterized by a bimodal distribution of grain sizes, in which larger grains and/or clasts float within a matrix of fine-grained clay. Because the muddy matrix has cohesive strength, unusually large clasts may be able to float on top of the muddy material making up the flow matrix, and thereby end up preserved on the ...
The flow table test or slump-flow test is a method to determine consistency of fresh concrete. Flow table test is also used to identify transportable moisture limit of solid bulk cargoes. [ 1 ] It is used primarily for assessing concrete that is too fluid (workable) to be measured using the slump test , because the concrete will not retain its ...
A build-up of debris on the abutment can increase the obstruction area and increase local scour. Debris can deflect the water flow, changing the angle of attack and increasing local scour. Debris might also shift the entire channel around the bridge causing increased water flow and scour in another location. [3]
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Unconsolidated or weak debris are more susceptible to mass wasting, as are materials that lose cohesion when wetted. Stratigraphy, such as thinly bedded rock or alternating beds of weak and strong or impermeable or permiable rock lithologies. Faults or other geologic structures that weaken the rock. Topography, such as steep slopes or cliffs.